Recent Advances in Membranes Used for Nanofiltration to Remove Heavy Metals from Wastewater: A Review

The presence of heavy metal ions in polluted wastewater represents a serious threat to human health, making proper disposal extremely important. utilization nanofiltration (NF) membranes has emerged as one the most effective methods ion removal from due their efficient operation, adaptable design, and affordability. NF created advanced materials are becoming increasingly popular ability depollute variety circumstances. Tailoring membrane’s properties efficiently remove wastewater, interfacial polymerization, grafting techniques, along with addition nano-fillers, have proven be modification methods. This paper presents review processes membrane performances for metals well application these treatment. Very high treatment efficiencies, such 99.90%, been achieved using composed polyvinyl amine (PVAM) glutaraldehyde (GA) Cr3+ wastewater. However, certain drawbacks, fouling membrane. Repeated cleaning influences its lifetime.